CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
On motor accident in Oyo state granted their automobile to handle minor road hazards such as pot holes or rail road trucks, these minor road hazard are, problems for motorcycle because these hazards may require sudden changes of lane position and direction. Accidents due to motorcycle, ridding especially in developing countries like Nigeria increase every year dues to the fact that motorcyclist do not follow the traffic rules and they in their mentality believe they are the king on the roads F.R.S.C further stated that motorcycle crashes are more likely to occur on certain time especially raining season, in Nigeria, raining season is a result of the various pot holes and wobbles motions on deformed roads, the motorcyclist lose control of their motorcycles and collision with on coming vehicles may occur often factors responsible as identified by frsc include break failure, control of the motorcycle is lost when the break fails and their by resulted in an accident. Motor accident is believe to affect the quality of life and to have major social an d economic consequences. It causes may be a combination of human errors and failures, poor road signs adverse road condition and vehicle defects. It was noted that the most important age of human factor are the age of age of the motorcyclist medical fitness of the motorcyclist, alcoholic consumption pattern, fatigue, mental status and educational level various factors are associated with accidents including high speed driving drivers negligence is another major contribution factor to accidents and these includes recklessness during improper overtaking and disregard for traffic light. Nigeria attested to the fact that motorcycle has higher fertility rate per unit of distance travelled when compared with automobiles, this is because motorcycles rides are otherwise refers to as exposed road user. It is further stated that motorcycle accident in Oyo state Nigeria are caused by riders disobedience to traffic rules and regulation. In the time past various law were enacted by federal, state and local government to curb the excesses of the riders this includes the national road traffic regulation. And FRSC establishment act 2001 to mention but view with all this put in place, it still disheartening that motorcycle crashes are still recorded daily in Oyo state, Nigeria factors responsible for incessant rise of motorcycle accident in Oyo state as noted by Oyo state sector command include the following disobedience to traffic rules overloading by carrying more than required passenger under influence of alcohol which affects the riders judgment, riding the cars with worn-out tyres, break failure accounted for motorcycle accidents due to lost of control, lack of accessories like rear mirror functional horn and head lamp, route violation, facing oncoming vehicle that is riding against the traffic and riding motorcycle without sent boit which account 95% permanent injury and death of motor accident victims.
Eze, (2012) stated that road traffic accidents occur when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree or utility pole. Worldwide, road traffic accidents lead to death and disability as well as financial cost to both society and the individual involved. Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults worldwide. Every year, according to statistics, about 1.2 million people are known to die in road accidents worldwide and others sustain severe injuries, while others suffer permanent disabilities due to number of fatal and serious cases of road accident Olushina, (2012). Nearly three-quarters of road deaths occur in developing countries with 80% casualties Oderoet al., (1997). In Nigeria, the increasing loss of lives on the road has become a worrisome experience. In 2006, about 4,944 deaths occurred in 9,114 road crashes with 17,390 persons injured. The situation in 2007 was 4,673 killed in 8,477 crashes leaving 17,794 injured. In Ekiti, Kogi and Kwara state, a total of 498 and 391 people died in the year 2006 and 2007 respectively which resulted from 402 and 413 crashes respectively Omidiji and Ibitoye, (2010).
CAUSES OF ROAD ACCIDENT
According to Eze, (2013), the causes of road traffic accidents are multi-factorial. Thes
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