Traffic Speed and Delay Studies in Uyo Metropolis: A Comparative Analysis of Some Intersections Along Abak Road (IBB Roundabout, Ukana- Offot Junction and Udo Eduok Junction)

Chapter One

Aim

The aim of this research is to check the level of service and efficiency of the assigned routes by studying their delays and hence providing measures of minimizing conflicts.

Objectives / Reasons for Engaging in this Research

This research will be carried out to assess user in travel time caused by congested conditions.

To determine the level of service and delay on these routes

To suggest measure of improving traffic circulation on our road for the motoring public.

To assess the effectiveness of improvement measures

For determination of traffic control measures and signal suitable for these routes.

To assist the public in best selection of model devices while working towards the routes.

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

 Traffic Survey

Traffic engineers and planners need information about traffic. They need information to design and manage road and traffic system. They use the information for planning and designing traffic facilities, selecting geometric standards, economic analysis and in determination of priorities.

They use this to justify warrant of traffic control devices such as signs, traffic signals, pavement markings, school and pedestrian crossings. They also use this information to study the effectiveness of introduced schemes, diagnosing given situations and finding appropriate solutions, forecasting the effects of projected strategies, calibrating and validating traffic models.

Transportation system is a dynamic system. Information about traffic must be regularly updated to keep pace with ever-changing transportation system. Data must be collected and analyzed systematically to get representative information. Traffic surveys are the means of obtaining information about traffic. This is a systematic way of collecting data to be used for various traffic engineering purposes.

Main purposes of traffic survey:

The main purposes of traffic survey are: traffic monitoring, traffic control and management, traffic enforcement, traffic forecasting, model calibration and validating etc.

Parts of traffic studies:

Traffic studies include:

• • Inventory of road traffic physical features
  • Traffic stream characteristics- volume, speed, density, occupancy studies
  • Capacity studies of streets and intersections
  • System usage studies- Travel time and delay, O-D survey
  • Travel demand- home interview survey
  • Road users cost- Value of travel time, vehicle operating cost
  • Parking supply & demand studies
  • Axle load survey
  • Mass transit performance and usage studies
  • Traffic accidents studies
  • Environmental impact studies of transport

Traffic Speed Study

Traffic speed data are needed in research, planning, designing and regulation phases of traffic engineering and are also used in establishing priorities and schedules of traffic improvements. The traffic engineer must acquire general knowledge of traffic speeds in order to set different limits, setting different distances i.e. passing sight distance, stopping sight distance.

Definition of Speed:

In simple words, speed is defined as the distance travelled in a unit time. Speed is expressed in m/s, fps, mph etc. units. Speed is given by:

V= x/t                                                                                                  &n

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